Cyrtandra oxybapha

W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst (1989)

This name is accepted

Kingdom: Viridiplantae Phylum: Magnoliophyta Class/Clade: Eudicot-Asterids Order: Lamiales Family: Gesneriaceae Genus: Cyrtandra

ha‘iwale [haiwale], kanawao ke‘oke‘o [kanawao keokeo]

Description

Key Characters:

Growth Form: Shrubs 2–3 m tall.

Stems: Stems many-branched, rounded to angular, pubescent with multicellular hairs or glabrate.

Roots:

Leaves: Leaves simple. Opposite, borne on upper 3–4 nodes. Those leaves of a pair unequal, slightly asymmetrical, chartaceous, suborbicular to very broadly elliptic, ca.12–18 cm long, ca. 8–9 cm wide. Apex acuminate. Base truncate to broadly cuneate. Upper surfaces moderately hirtellous; lower surfaces densely velvety villous. Margins coarsely and irregularly serrate–dentate. Petioles ca. 4–6.5 cm long, densely brown villous, base sometimes clasping the stem or perfoliate. Stipules absent.

Flowers: Flowers 1–2 in cymes arising in the leaf axils, densely villous throughout, peduncles stout, ca.20–25 mm long, pedicels stout, ca. 18–25 mm long, elongating to ca. 32–35 mm long in fruit, bracts foliaceous, very broadly elliptic, distinct or occasionally connate, 17–19 mm long. Flowers bisexual (perfect). Calyx 2–5(6)-lobed, nearly actinomorphic, apparently pale green, chartaceous, broadly campanulate, ca. 20–21 mm long, cleft ca. 1⁄2 its length, the lobes broadly elliptic, erect at anthesis, spreading at nearly right angles to fruit, both surfaces densely villous, apex acute, deciduous or persistent in fruit. Corolla usually bilabiate, white(?), tube subcylindrical, flaring slightly below mouth, 19–20 mm long, ca. 10–11 mm in diameter medially, the tube straight or curved, moderately villous, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, the lobes imbricate in bud, upper lobes rhombic–orbicular, ca. 5 mm long, ca. 8 mm wide, lower lobes rhombic–orbicular, ca. 6.5–7.5 mm long, ca. 9–10 mm wide. Stamens 5, inserted about halfway up corolla tube, the 2 upper Stamens fertile, others staminodial, +/– with abortive anthers; fertile anthers coherent positioned in throat of corolla tube, dithecal, opening by longitudinal slits or occasionally by apical pores. Ovary superior, oblong–ovoid, 2-carpellate, 1-celled, placentation parietal, placentas 2, ± intruded, rarely joined in center and dividing ovary into 2 cells; ovules numerous, anatropous, glabrous, apex rounded or with a stylar beak; style ca. 2 mm long, glabrous; stigma capitate, 2-lobed, lobes usually elliptic.

Fruit: Fruit a fleshy or firm berry; white; ovoid; ca. 1.8 cm long; surrounded by the persistent; spreading calyx; often tipped by the persistent stylar beak. Seeds numerous; ellipsoid; minute; usually less than ca. 1 mm long; the surface reticulate.

Ploidy:

Habitat: Rare; known from one site in wet forest.

Elevation Range: ca. 1,130 m.

Historical Distribution

Uses and Culture

USES

Natural History

Statewide Status

Endemic

Island Status

Maui Endemic

Dispersal Agents


Pollinators

Bibliography

Name Published In: Bishop Mus. Occas. Pap. 29: 100 (1989)

Other References

Wagner et al. 1990:771 (WM)

Occurrences

SNo. Scientific Name Scientific Name Authorship Locality Habitat Basis of Record Recorded By Record Number Island Source Date
1 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wood, K. R.; Kaiaokamalie, M.; Perlman, S. P. 6248 Maui US 5/7/1997
2 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H100511 Maui PTBG 10/19/2005
3 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner 5862 Maui US
4 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosederos-Dicranopteris Montane Wet Forest w/ native ferns and shrubs and exotic grasses. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 311 Maui PTBG 5/1/1990
5 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Acacia/Metrosideros montane mesic forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H91309 Maui PTBG 9/17/2013
6 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Styphelia- Dodonaea shrubland with patches of Metrosideros-Acacia- Cheirodendron Forest dissected by broad, deep gulches where primary native flora is relic on steep slopes and vertical walls. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 6248 Maui PTBG 5/7/1997
7 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner, c. imada & w. n. takeuchi 5862 Kauai US 3/8/1988
8 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN w. l. wagner, m. sisson, v. funk, s. g. weller & b. hobdy 6475 Maui US 7/25/1991
9 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H. L.; Bustamente, K. M. H51210 Maui US 5/30/2012
10 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W. L.; Imada, C.; Takeuchi, W. N. 5862 Maui US 3/8/1988
11 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN H. L. Oppenheimer & K. M. Bustamente H51210 Maui US 5/30/2012
12 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W. L.; Sisson, M. E.; Funk, V. A.; Weller, S. G.; Hobdy, B. 6475 Maui US 7/25/1991
13 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Kauai F
14 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN k. r. wood, m. kaiaokamalie & s. p. perlman 6248 Hawaii US 5/7/1997
15 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Vegetation: Acacia, Metrosideros, Ilex, Melicope, Myrsine, Sophora, Perrottetia, Coprosma, Dodonaea, Dubautia, Diplazium, Cibotium, Rubus, Clermontia, Pipturus, Pseudophegopteris, Bocconia, Pennisetum, Holcus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H71548 Maui BISH 7/24/2015
16 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Rare; occasionally found on steep gulch walls out of the reach of goats, pigs, cattle, and deer. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Acacia, Dodonaea, Leptecophylla, Myrsine, Ilex, Coprosma, Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Cibotium, Smilax, Astelia, Dryopteris, Sadleria, Pteris, Coniogramme, Cyrtomium, Peperomia, Lobelia, Melicope, Carex, Pipturus, Urera, Perrottetia, Odontosoria, Asplenium, Deschampsia, Hypolepis, Clermontia, Morelotia, Pennisetum, Holcus, Anthoxanthum, Senecio, Rubus, Axonopus, Verbena, Adiantum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H21607 Maui BISH 2/4/2016
17 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2317 Maui BISH 3/26/1985
18 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Locally common on both sides of lower gulch slopes; hundreds of plants observed including all size classes. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Melicope, Coprosma, Myrsine, Perrottetia, Kadua, Labordia, Ilex, Scaveola, Cyanea, Dubautia, Cibotium, Gunnera, Nothocestrum, Sadleria, Cyrtandra, Microlepia, Diplazium, Dryopteris, Phyllostegia, Tibouchina, Erigeron, Juncus, Psidium, Rubus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H51209 Maui BISH 5/29/2012
19 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Growing on steep gulch walls near stream bottoms. Vegetation: Acacia/Metrosideros montane mesic forest with Dodonaea, Ilex, Myrsine, Sophora, Coprosma, Melicope, Dubautia, Pipturus, Diplazium, Microlepia, Lobelia, Dryopteris, Coniogramme, Pteris, Peperomia, Ageratina, Holcus, Anthoxanthum, Pennisetum, Cirsium, Prunella, Geranium, Lapsana, Rubus, Bocconia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H91309 Maui BISH 9/17/2013
20 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Nine plants in this area; branched shrubs to 3m tall, growing on steep, shady gulch walls mostly out of the reach of feral animals. Differs in several characteristics from the West Maui populations and is probabaly a distinct taxon. Metrosideros/Acacia Montane Mesic Ferest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H111403 Maui BISH 11/24/2014
21 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On steep windswept slope. Vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha var. glaberrima, Cheirodendron trigynum ssp. trigynum, Ilex anomala, Myrsine lessertiana, Coprosma foliosa, Psychotria kaduana, Hedyotis hillebrandii, Broussaisia arguta, Cyrtandra grayi, Lobelia hypoleuca, Eurya sandwicensis. Threats: Pigs, cattle, Erigeron karvinskianus, Tibouchina herbacea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Collector Number: H30110 Maui BISH 3/6/2001
22 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Two plants observed in this location; branched shrubs to 3m tall, growing steep, shady gulch walls mostly out of reach of feral animals. Differs in several characters from the West Maui populations and is probably a distinct taxon. Metrosideros/Acacia Montane Mesic Forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H111406 Maui BISH 11/24/2014
23 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On steep windswept slope. Vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha var. glaberrima, Cheirodendron trigynum ssp. trigynum, Ilex anomala, Myrsine lessertiana, Coprosma foliosa, Psychotria kaduana, Hedyotis hillebrandii, Broussaisia arguta, Cyrtandra grayi, Lobelia hypoleuca, Eurya sandwicensis. Threats: Pigs, cattle, Erigeron karvinskianus, Tibouchina herbacea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h30110 Maui BISH 3/6/2001
24 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Rare, branched shrubs to 3m tall growing on teep gulch walls near stream bottoms; flowers white; calyx green and completely reflexed in immature fruit. His character and the 3-5 flowered inflorescence are different than the description of this taxon and populations on West Maui. Acacia/Metrosideros Montane mesic Forest w/ Dodonaea, Ilex, Myrsine, Sophora, Coprosma, Dubautia, Pipturus, Melicope, Diplazium, Microlepia, Lobelia, Dryopteris, Peperomia, Coniogramme, Pteris, Ageratina, Holcus, Anthoxathum, Pennisetum, Cirsium, Prunella, Geranium, Lapsana, Rubus, Bocconia. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H91310 Maui BISH 9/17/2013
25 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2317 Maui BISH 3/26/1985
26 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Growing in open understory, under dense ohia forest, 12 m. Accompaied by many ferns, Hedyotis, Coprosma, Broussaisia, Vaccinium, & Cyrtandra grayana. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2314 Maui BISH 3/26/1985
27 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In shady gully bottom. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Cyrtandra hawaiiensis, C. grayi, C. hashimotoi, C. platyphylla, Clermontia, Dubautia, Pipturus, Urera, Sadleria, Cibotium, Diplazium, Athyrium, Dryopteris, Leptecophylla, Coprosma, Ilex, Myrsine, Melicope, Tibouchina, Buddleia, Ageratina. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h110616 Maui BISH 11/21/2006
28 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Rich gully. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2107 Maui BISH 5/23/1984
29 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information pasture grass PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2316 Hawaii BISH 3/26/1985
30 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information On steep windswept slope. Vegetation: Metrosideros polymorpha var. glaberrima, Cheirodendron trigynum ssp. trigynum, Ilex anomala, Myrsine lessertiana, Coprosma foliosa, Psychotria kaduana, Hedyotis hillebrandii, Broussaisia arguta, Cyrtandra grayi, Lobelia hypoleuca, Eurya sandwicensis. Threats: Pigs, cattle, Erigeron karvinskianus, Tibouchina herbacea. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H30110 Maui BISH 3/6/2001
31 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2107 BISH 5/23/1984
32 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Growing on steep mid slope to gulch bottom in 3 forks of stream headwaters below waterfalls. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Coprosma, Myrsine, Melicope, Broussaisia, Dicranopteris, Sadleria, Cibotium, Labordia, Athyrium, Diplazium, Nothocestrum, Cyanea, Nertera, Tibouchina, Rubus, Juncus, Erigeron. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN oppenheimer, h.l. collector number: h50722 Maui BISH 5/21/2007
33 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Locally common in small gulch. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Melicope, Coprosma, Myrsine, Perrottetia, Kadua, Labordia, Ilex, Scaevola, Cyanea, Dubautia, Cibotium, Nothocestrum, Sadleria, Cyrtandra, Microlepia, Diplazium, Dryopteris, Phyllostegia, Tibouchina, Psidium, Rubus. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H51210 Maui BISH 5/30/2012
34 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Growing on steep mid slope to gulch bottom in 3 forks of stream headwaters below waterfalls. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Coprosma, Myrsine, Melicope, Broussaisia, Dicranopteris, Sadleria, Cibotium, Labordia, Athyrium, Diplazium, Nothocestrum, Cyanea, Nertera, Tibouchina, Rubus, Juncus, Erigeron. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H50722 Maui BISH 5/21/2007
35 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN wagner, w.l. imada, c.; takeuchi, w. collector number: 5862 Maui BISH 3/8/1988
36 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Growing in open understory, under dense ohia forest, 12 m. Accompaied by many ferns, Hedyotis, Coprosma, Broussaisia, Vaccinium, & Cyrtandra grayana. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN hobdy, r.w. collector number: 2314 Maui BISH 3/26/1985
37 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hobdy, R.W. 2316 Maui BISH 3/26/1985
38 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Wagner, W.L. 5862 Maui BISH 3/8/1988
39 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Rare; occasionally found on steep gulch walls out of the reach of goats, pigs, cattle, and deer. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Acacia, Dodonaea, Leptecophylla, Myrsine, Ilex, Coprosma, Dicranopteris, Diplazium, Cibotium, Smilax, Astelia, Dryopteris, Sadleria, Pteris, Coniogramme, Cyrtomium, Peperomia, Lobelia, Melicope, Carex, Pipturus, Urera, Perrottetia, Odontosoria, Asplenium, Deschampsia, Hypolepis, Clermontia, Morelotia, Pennisetum, Holcus, Anthoxanthum, Senecio, Rubus, Axonopus, Verbena, Adiantum. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H21602 Maui BISH 2/4/2016
40 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In shady gully bottom. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Cyrtandra hawaiiensis, C. grayi, C. hashimotoi, C. platyphylla, Clermontia, Dubautia, Pipturus, Urera, Sadleria, Cibotium, Diplazium, Athyrium, Dryopteris, Leptecophylla, Coprosma, Ilex, Myrsine, Melicope, Tibouchina, Buddleia, Ageratina. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. Collector Number: H110616 Maui BISH 11/21/2006
41 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information In shady gully bottom. Vegetation: Metrosideros, Cheirodendron, Broussaisia, Cyrtandra hawaiiensis, C. grayi, C. hashimotoi, C. platyphylla, Clermontia, Dubautia, Pipturus, Urera, Sadleria, Cibotium, Diplazium, Athyrium, Dryopteris, Leptecophylla, Coprosma, Ilex, Myrsine, Melicope, Tibouchina, Buddleia, Ageratina. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Oppenheimer, H.L. H110616 Maui BISH 11/21/2006
42 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H30110 Maui PTBG 3/6/2001
43 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN h. l. oppenheimer & k. m. bustamente h51210 ALCB 5/30/2012
44 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H50722 Maui PTBG 5/21/2007
45 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN Hank Oppenheimer H51210 Maui PTBG 5/30/2012
46 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information PRESERVED_SPECIMEN W. L. Wagner 5862 Maui PTBG 3/8/1988
47 Cyrtandra oxybapha W.L.Wagner & D.R.Herbst Contact Bishop Museum Botany department for locality information Metrosidros montane wet forest. PRESERVED_SPECIMEN K. R. Wood 7320 Maui PTBG 5/14/1998